BRASILIA Wholesale Jerseys China , Aug. 15 (Xinhua) -- Brazil's informal, or underground, economy accounts for some 16 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP), Minister of Justice Torquato Jardim said on Tuesday.


Speaking at an event promoting a campaign to formalize the sector, Jardim said the informal economy was shrinking, but still represented a huge chunk of productivity.


The campaign, promoted by lawmakers and several social groups Wholesale Jerseys , aims to raise awareness about the benefits to both workers and the state of formalizing productivity.


In 2016, Brazil's black market sales cost the tobacco and textile industries as much as 41 billion U.S. dollars in losses, not to mention the loss to the state in unpaid taxes.


Actual losses are much higher, when the rest of the productive chain is taken into account, officials say.


To clamp down on the cross-border smuggling and contraband that fuel the black market, Brazil is working in conjunction with countries that share its 17,000-kilometer border.


Fernando Bomfiglio Cheap NFL Football Jerseys , of the National Movement in Defense of Legal Commerce, said one of the keys to combating informality was to moderate regulation and taxes.


"When taxes or regulations exceed a reasonable level, we have the opposite effect, which is an increase in such crimes in the black market," said Bomfiglio.


Some 40 percent of cigarettes sold in Brazil are contraband, he said.


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By Raimundo Urrechaga


HAVANA, Aug. 7 (Xinhua) -- Luis Navarro is a young Cuban who at 34 years of age already suffers from chronic diabetes for the past 23 years. Recently Cheap Football Jerseys , several ulcers have appeared on his foot, putting it at risk of being amputated.


However, this has not happened, thanks to a unique Cuban product Heberprot-P, a drug that has sparked acclaim for its effectiveness in controlling and healing diabetic foot ulcers.


A few weeks ago, Navarro was admitted at Havana's Institute of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, a medical institution where comprehensive treatment is given to patients suffering from chronic diabetes.


"I had a big wound on my foot and it was pretty bad. The doctors applied Heberprot-P and I could see the substantial improvement in just 20 days. Since then I was discharged and my ulcer is almost closed Cheap Nike NFL Jerseys ," the man told Xinhua.


This drug registered in 2006 was created by Cuban scientist Jorge Berlanga and a team from the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of the island.


It contains epithermal growth factor (EGF) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, while being applied by direct infiltration or injections in the wound site closing the ulcers in a period of 45 to 90 days.


"The change with this drug is incredible. Heberprot-P has been the best product invented by Cuban scientists. Whoever lives with this disease knows that foot ulcers improve a lot with this treatment," added Navarro.


In 2001, when Heberprot-P clinical trials began at this medical institution, Dr. Jose Fernandez Montequin was one of the first to apply the treatment to Cuban patients.


According to Montequin, before local scientists created the drug, there were high rates of amputations in the Cuban diabetic population.


"With the application of this medication Cheap Authentic NFL Jerseys , we were able to reduce amputation rates in the country from 70 percent to 5 percent today," he told Xinhua.


In 2016, out of about 35,000 Cuban patients with diabetic foot ulcers, only 480 amputations were performed.


"We have improved the quality of life of patients and especially mortality. Patients who manage to close ulcers and avoid amputations survive four more years on average than those who do not," said Montequin.


Another benefit of Heberprot-P, according to the expert Cheap NFL Sports Jerseys , is that its application drastically reduces the resurgence of ulcers to just 5 percent of patients treated.


Following its implementation in more than 450 clinics in the island, Cuban doctors and scientists have provided guidance and recommendations on the product in more than 20 countries, including Russia, Kuwait, Algeria, Argentina, Ecuador Cheap NFL Jerseys Wholesale , China and Venezuela.


Currently, Heberprot-P is registered in 23 countries and is effectively applied in 10 countries that have already authorized its use and marketing.


"Our product has already been used on more than 60,000 patients in Cuba and around 250,000 patients worldwide, capable of preventing more than 70 percent of amputations," said Montequin.


Scientists on the island now hope to see the drug used in China, which currently has the largest population of diabetics in the world.


Heberprot-P is currently undergoing clinical trials in China for its future use and marketing to diabetic patients.


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