CHICAGO Homme Nike Air Max 98 Gym Rouge Blanche Noir Pas Cher , Sept. 8 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have for the first time measured molecular iodine in the atmosphere of the Arctic and discovered that it is being released by the Arctic's snowpack in the changing polar climate, according to a research led by the University of Michigan (UM) Department of Chemistry.


"Essentially, we've found this unique chemistry occurring within the Arctic snowpack that hadn't previously been observed. This is notable because of the rapid loss of sea ice in the Arctic that is impacting these processes," said Kerri Pratt Homme Nike Air Max 98 QS Thunder Blue Rouge Bleu Pas Cher , assistant professor in the UM Department of Chemistry.


When molecular iodine absorbs a photon from the sun, it breaks apart into iodine atoms. When these atoms react with ozone, a greenhouse gas and "molecular cleaner" of air pollutants, it can deplete ozone in the atmosphere. Less than one part per trillion of iodine is enough to have a significant effect on ozone concentration in the lower atmosphere.


These new measurements of molecular iodine in the Arctic show that even a tiny amount of the element can deplete ozone in the lower atmosphere. This is surprising because iodine is so scarce in the Arctic snowpack compared to its close relatives and known ozone-killers Femme Nike Air Max 98 Fossil Blanche Pas Cher , chlorine and bromine.


"Where we live, the air is really clean because of ozone. It's like a Pac-Man of the atmosphere-it helps to gobble up pollution," said co-author Paul Shepson, professor of analytical and atmospheric chemistry at Purdue University. "But it's also toxic at high concentrations and regulated by the Clean Air Act. We need a 'Goldilocks' amount of ozone in the atmosphere-not too much Homme Nike Air Max 98 TOUR Jaune Blanche Marine Grise Pas Cher , not too little."


For this study, Pratt, Shepson and co-author Angela Raso, a doctoral candidate at Purdue Femme Supreme x Nike Air Max 98 Rose Noir Pas Cher , measured the molecular iodine with a customized instrument called a chemical ionization mass spectrometer.


They drew air samples both above the Arctic snowpack and from within the snowpack, measuring molecular iodine. Examining their snow samples at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, the researchers were also able to detect iodide at extremely low levels in their samples.


The researchers say knowing where the iodine is coming from helps scientists understand its impact on the atmosphere.


The research has been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.


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President Xi Jinping accompanies his counterpart from Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov in reviewing a guard of honor, which included women for the first time, outside the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Monday. Photos by Feng Yongbin China Daily

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